What is the difference between SQL Server and SSMS?

SQL Server is the database engine that stores and processes data. SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) is a graphical management and development tool used to connect to and administer SQL Server.

SQL Server handles storage, query execution, indexes, transactions, locking, security, and other database-engine responsibilities. SSMS provides an interface for writing T-SQL, viewing execution plans, managing database objects, configuring security, and performing administrative tasks such as backup and restore.

Therefore, SSMS is not the database itself; it is a client and administration tool used to work with SQL Server.